Rapid radiations, in which bursts of diversification yield disproportionate contributions to extant biodiversity, underlie most of the known diversity of life (Wiens & Moen, 2025). This principle holds across clades of animals, plants, fungi, and protists. We argue that a parallel process manifests in humans: our global dominance as an apex mammalian species derives from rapid internal diversification of cognition, behavior, and social interaction styles. Drawing on evolutionary genomics, epigenetics, and neuroscience, we propose that neurodiversity—including autism and related neurodivergent profiles—constitutes an adaptive radiation within a single species, sustaining variation that enables resilience, innovation, and ecological mastery. We synthesize evolutionary biology with human neuroscience to suggest that the same mechanisms responsible for generating flowering plant and arthropod hyperdiversity also operate, at a psychological and genomic scale, in Homo sapiens.